Patógenos emergentes referidos a un laboratorio clínico para su identificación en la ciudad de Quito durante el año 2022
Resumen
INTRODUCCIÓN. Las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes son aquellas relacionadas con nuevos microorganismos. Un patógeno emergente, es aquel que se ha identificado recientemente como patógeno humano, su papel en la enfermedad es poco conocido, se desconoce un tratamiento certero o ya ha sido descrito previamente pero que causa infecciones distintas a las que han sido descritas. OBJETIVO.
Registrar cuatro casos de infecciones causadas por patógenos emergentes cuyas muestras o colonias fueron referidas a un laboratorio de microbiología de la ciudad de Quito durante el año 2022 para su identificación. DISCUSIÓN. Las nuevas tecnologías tanto proteómicas como genómicas han hecho posible una identificación más certera de estos patógenos. Nuevos medios de cultivos, reactivos, pruebas inmunocromatográficas o de flujo lateral han mejorado enormemente el diagnóstico microbiológico. Se describen el hongo Trichophyton benhamaei, las bacterias Ochrobactrum anthropi, Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus y la micobacteria Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. CONCLUSIÓN. El laboratorio de Microbiología asistencial constituye una herramienta importante en el diagnóstico de nuevos y reemergentes patógenos locales. Las nuevas tecnologías ayudan considerablemente al diagnóstico de estos y superan con creces a los métodos tradicionales, aunque estos aún continúan siendo pilares fundamentales. Es necesario fijar las indicaciones y técnicas a utilizar en casos concretos, para la utilización más adecuada de los recursos disponibles.
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