Abstract
INTRODUCTION. Congenital malformations are structural or functional defects produced in embryonic or fetal development, of diverse etiology, some are preventable, so prenatal diagnosis is essential to determine prognosis and obstetric future. OBJECTIVE. Describe the prevalent congenital malformations in stillbirths and highlight the importance of completing the prenatal diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Observational, descriptive and retrospective study. From a population of 276 Clinical Histories with a diagnosis of spontaneous fetal losses, a sample of 41 with congenital malformations was taken from the Obstetric Center, at the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialty Hospital, from January 2017 to
December 2018. Inclusion criteria: diagnosis of deaths with malformations congenital less than 34 weeks of gestation identified by ultrasound, chromosomal and necropsy study. Exclusion criteria: deaths with normal autopsy study. The data were obtained from the MISAS400 system. The analysis was carried out with the Microsoft Excel program. RESULTS. The prevalence of congenital malformations in stillbirths was 14,85% (41; 276), hydrops represented 41,46% (17; 41), of these, 53% (9; 17) found major malformations and in 47% (8; 17) other associated malformations. 17 karyotypes were found, 76,47% (13; 17) were abnormal and 23,52% (4; 17) were normal. DISCUSSION. Maternal comorbidities and family history were relevant factors for the appearance of congenital malformations whose prevalence has yet to be investigated in Ecuador. CONCLUSION. Prevalent congenital malformations and the importance of carrying out prenatal control with complementary
studies to clarify the diagnosis and determine the obstetric future were described.
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