Periodicidad semestral: flujo continuo.
ISSN - Electrónico: 2661-6947 / DOI: 10.36015 • LILACS BIREME (19784); LATINDEX (20666)
INTRODUCTION: Cognitive disorders encompass a broad spectrum of clinical conditions that
affect higher mental functions such as memory, language, attention, perception, and executive
planning. They manifest in clinical pictures such as dementias, neurodevelopmental disabilities,
psychoses, and rare diseases with an altered cognitive phenotype. Their classification, etiology,
and treatment represent significant challenges for current medicine.
OBJECTIVE: This review synthesizes the main clinical groups, the implicated genes, the relevant
environmental factors, the analysis of functional networks (interactomes), and the chromosomal
disorders associated with these syndromes, with an emphasis on advances in neurogenetics
and molecular biology.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PubMed database was used for the literature search, ELICIT
for the deep search of articles, and STRING to analyze protein and gene interactions.
RESULTS: The review of some of the genetic and chromosomal diseases yields a list of cognitive
disorders and the genes related to these disorders, which are shown in tables.
DISCUSSION: Being a review article, the entire text is structured as ideas and theoretical
support that explain cognitive disorders and the related genes.
CONCLUSIONS: A public agenda must exist that includes prevention policies, genetic and
epigenetic screening, access to evidence-based therapies, and educational programs focused
on inclusion and neurodiversity.
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