Antecedente de grado de expresividad de p53 en carcinomas basocelulares como predictor de recurrencia
Resumen
INTRODUCCIÓN. El gen Tp53 proporciona instrucciones para producir proteína tumoral 53. El Tp53 es un gen supresor tumoral que protege el ciclo celular, reparando el ADN o activando la apoptosis. Es clave en la carcinogénesis del carcinoma basocelular, patología que cobra relevancia en Ecuador, debido a su latitud y altitud, factores que determinan un mayor daño por exposición a radiación ultravioleta y por ende para carcinoma basocelular. Estudios sugieren que la inmunoexpresión de la proteína tumoral 53 podría ser un predictor de recurrencia en esta neoplasia. OBJETIVO. Determinar si el grado de expresividad de especies mutadas de proteína tumoral 53 en pacientes con carcinoma basocelular es una variable que tiene relación con la recurrencia y agresividad en los diferentes subtipos histológicos. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS.
Estudio de revisión bibliográfica de diferentes artículos científicos publicados en revistas indexadas y bases de datos durante los últimos diez años: ElSevier, Medigraphic, PubMed, Redalyc, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. RESULTADOS. Se obtuvieron 104 resultados de los cuales se seleccionaron 50 artículos científicos que incluyeron revisiones sistemáticas,
meta-análisis, artículos originales y reportes de casos en idiomas español e inglés. CONCLUSIÓN. Tp53 se encuentra mutado en más del 50% de carcinomas basocelulares y tiene un rol clave en su carcinogénesis. La inmunoexpresión aberrante de proteína tumoral 53 es un marcador de riesgo de recurrencia y agresividad
en carcinoma basocelular, como lo indican los artículos revisados. Sin embargo, se requiere estudios locales que establezcan el verdadero valor de proteína tumoral 53 como marcador de recurrencia y/o agresividad en la población ecuatoriana.
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