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ISSN - Electrónico: 2661-6947 / DOI: 10.36015 • LILACS BIREME (19784); LATINDEX (20666)
The answer to the question "what is the importance of ethics in research?" Would seem obvious, but it is worth extending a bit. First, human beings who undergo investigations suffer damage. The majority of investigations with human beings are carried out by medical professionals, so it is worth recalling the old slogan that requires physicians to "refrain from doing harm". However, in the investigation you can not anticipate all the risks, since the activity involves novel aspects. And, precisely because of this novelty, the damage caused by a research study may be greater than the benefits it could bring. The adoption of a series of protections and guarantees to reduce to the maximum the possibility that the subjects are harmed is, therefore, essential. However, the damage is not presented as the only ethical category related to the investigation; Human subjects can also suffer injustice, even without being harmed. The use of people as "simple means" or "instruments" for the benefit of others implies unfair treatment, since it violates a fundamental ethical principle.1 An obvious example in the field of research would be experimentation with people without their knowledge or knowledge. consent. Other situations of grievances to people who probably do not cause harm would, for example, hide the truth, breach promises made in good faith and deceive them - even if the victims do not know or discover it-
Kant I. Critique of Pure Reason, translated/edited by P. Guyer and A. Wood, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997
George J, Annas y Grodin M. The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code: Human Rights in Human Experimentation (Nueva York: Oxford University Press, 1992), y Arthur L. Caplan (ed.), When Medicine Went Mad. Totowa, Nueva Jersey: Humana Press, 1992.
Véase Annas and Grodin, Ibíd
Sheldon H. Harris, Japanese Medical Atrocities in World War II. Una ponencia presentada durante el foro ciudadano internacional sobre crímenes de guerra y reparaciones celebrado en Tokio (Japón) el 11 de diciembre de 1999. Disponible en http://www.vcn.bc.ca/alpha/speech/Harris. html Acceso al texto realizado el 2 de noviembre de 2009
Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments. The Human Radiation Experiments. Nueva York: Oxford University Press, 1996
Research Ethics: The Tuskegee Syphilis Study. Disponible en http://www.tuskegee .edu/global/story .asp?s=1207598 . Acceso al texto realizado el 2 de noviembre de 2009
Rothman D J y Rothman SM. The Willowbrook Hepatitis Studies, en (ed.) Bonnie Steinbock, John D. Arras & Alex John London, Ethical Issues in Modern Medicine, 6a edition. (McGraw Hill, 2003).
John D. Arras, «The Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital Case», en Steinbock, Arras & London, supra n. 7
Asociación Médica Mundial, Declaración de Helsinki de 2008. Disponible en http://www.wma.net/es/30publications/10policies/b3/index.html
Consejo de Organizaciones Internacionales de Ciencias Médicas, International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects. Ginebra: CIOMS, 2002); International Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Studies (CIOMS, 2009)
http://portal.unesco.org/shs/en/ev.php-URL_ID=1883&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC &URL_SECTION=201 .html. Acceso al texto producido el 2 de noviembre de 2009
El informe Belmont: Principios y guías éticos para la protección de los sujetos humanos de investigación (Ministerio de Salud, Educación y Bienestar de Estados Unidos, 18 de abril de 1979)
Informe Belmont, supra n. 12
Henderson GE, Churchill LR, Davis AM, Easter MM, Grady et al. Clinical Trials and Medical Care: Defining the Therapeutic Misconception. PLoS Med 2007; 4(11): e324
Henderson GE, Churchill LR, Davis AM, Easter MM, Grady C, Joffe S. et al. (2007) Clinical Trials and Medical Care: Defining the Therapeutic Misconception. PLoS Med4 (11): e324. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040324
Journal of Clinical Investigation. “Why Gene Therapy Caused Leukemia In Some ‘Boy In The Bubble Syndrome’ Patients.” ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 10 August 2008. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/08/080807175438.htm
Investigación en células madre embrionarias humanas. http://www .mbbnet.umn .edu/scmap .html. Acceso al texto realizado el 2 de noviembre de 2009
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