Periodicidad semestral: flujo continuo.
ISSN - Electrónico: 2661-6947 / DOI: 10.36015 • LILACS BIREME (19784); LATINDEX (20666)
Introduction: Neuroleptic malignant síndrome is caused by the use of neuroleptics in susceptible subjects. Cardinal features are: hyperthermia, severe muscular rigidity, changes in the level of consciousness and autonomic instability.The syndrome can depvelop shortly after the start of typical or atypical neuroleptics, often ranging between 4 to14 days. Case: A 20-year-old patient initially treated in a psychiatric hospital due to a mental disorder after using multiple psychotropic drugs, mainly marijuana and cocaine base. Having presented an acute psychotic episode with hallucinations, inconsistent language, reality distortion, the subject was treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) which worsened his clinical condition. Then, he was transferred to the Emergency Service at Carlos Andrade Marin Hospital, where he was admitted in a poor general condition, marked rigidity, hyperthermia, lethargy, autonomic dysregulation, extrapyramidal symptoms, opistotonos and abnormal reflexes. Discusion: Neuroleptic syndrome identification is critical to start treatment and prevent death. Medications include dopaminergic drugs like bromocriptine that overcomes neuroleptic-induced dopaminergic blockade. It has also been used in combination with dantrolene though this approach remains controversial. Other agents include amantadine, which enhances presynaptic release of dopamine, and levodopa/carbidopa, which increase presynaptic dopamine stores. It is crucial to correct volume depletion, hyperthernia control and the muscle rigidity, as well as alkalinize the urine to avoid rhabdomyolisis and prevent renal failure.
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