Periodicidad semestral: flujo continuo.
ISSN - Electrónico: 2661-6947 / DOI: 10.36015 • LILACS BIREME (19784); LATINDEX (20666)
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION. Anal fistulas represent a great impact on the quality of life of patients. Knowing its clinical and epidemiological behavior and surgical management is of great importance to optimize treatment. AIM. To describe the clinical, surgical, and follow-up characteristics of patients with anal fistula who underwent surgery at the Coloproctology Unit of the Carlos Andrade Marin Hospital, Quito, Ecuador, between May 2018 and April 2023. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Descriptive and observational research. Population: medical records of all adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) with anal fistula who underwent surgical treatment. Sample: 159 records that met the selection criteria. The documentary review technique was used. STROBE guidelines for observational studies were followed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The χ² tests were applied to the categorical data, in addition to percentages and frequencies. Statistical significance was considered when p<0.05. RESULTS. Clinical characteristics: average age 49.6 years. Male sex (90.6%). Fistula type: Low intersphincteric (64,8%), High transsphincteric (9.4%), Subcutaneous (8.2%). Low transsphincteric (6.2%). Symptoms: secretion (71.1%). Treatment: fistulotomy (40.9%), fistulectomy with sphincteroplasty (13,2%), Fistulotomy with sphincteroplasty (8,2%), Seton (7,5%). Evolution: complications (15.7%), recurrences (1.3%). Follow-up: no fecal incontinence (73.6%), quality of life ≥ 4 points (97.5%). Factors related to complications: complex fistula and surgical technique used (p<0.05). DISCUSSION. A similarity was demonstrated between the characteristics of this research and the specialized literature. Fistulotomy is the surgical treatment of choice. CONCLUSION. The clinical, surgical, and follow-up characteristics of patients with anal fistula at the Carlos Andrade Marin Hospital do not differ from other consulted reports. This research lays the foundations for the epidemiological study of anal fistulas in Ecuador and their surgical management.
Keywords: Fistula of the digestive system; rectal fistula; abscess; colorectal surgery, operative procedures, quality of life.
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