Periodicidad semestral: flujo continuo.
ISSN - Electrónico: 2661-6947 / DOI: 10.36015 • LILACS BIREME (19784); LATINDEX (20666)
Introduction: in Ecuador, Cerebrovascular Disease (CVD) is the second leading cause of death and first cause of disability. Cerebral infarction (stroke) accounts for approximately 85% of patients with CVD. The objective of this paper is to show risk factors, complications and mortality in hospitalized patients with cerebral infarction in the Neurology Ward of the Carlos Andrade Marín Hospital. Materials and methods: an observational study was performed, where electronic medical records (Information System AS 400) of 117 patients who suffered a cerebral infarction verifed by imaging studies between january and december 2011 were analyzed. Results: in the sample it was observed that about 82% of the patients were over 60 years old, with a slightly higher amount of men in relation to women. Among the risk factors hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) and smoking habits were found. Atherosclerosis was the most frequent cause. The most affected cardiovascular area was the anterior with a predominance of abnormality in the middle cerebral artery in comparison to the anterior cerebral artery. 44.44% of patients had at least one complication, which appears as the hospitalization time is prolonged. No neurological related complications were the most frequent, and among these, the most common was pneumonia, which was the most frequent leading cause of death. Conclusions: by analyzing the factors that potentially contributed or pneumonia to appear, a significant relationship with atrial fibrillation was statistically found. Mortality in the period observed was about 15%. Only 33% of the deceased had died as a direct result of a neurological complication.
REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS
Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. World Health Organization. Geneva. 2011
Sacco RL, Kasner SE, Broderick JP, et al. An Updated Definition of Stroke for the 21st Century. Stroke, 2013; 44:2064-2089
Smith WS, Sung G, Saver J, Budzik R, Duckwiler G, Liebeskind DS, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: final results of the Multi MERCI trial. Stroke, 2008; 39:1205-1212
Adams HP Jr, Del Zoppo G, Alberts MJ, Bhatt DL, Brass L, Furlan A, et al. Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/ American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists. Stroke, 2007;38:1655-711
Del Zoppo GJ, Saver JL, Jauch EC, Adams HP Jr. Expansion of the time window for treatment of acute ischemic stroke with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator: a science advisory from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke, 2009; 40:2945-8
O’Donnell MJ, Xavier D, Liu L, el al. Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (The Interstroke study): a case control study. Lancet, 2010;376(9735):112-123
Stroke gives alerts. Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke. Quito. 2010
Saposnik G, Del Brutto OH. Stroke in South America: A Systematic Review of Incidence, Prevalence and Stroke Subtypes. Stroke, 2003; 34:2103-2107
Judd SE, Kleindorfer EO, McClure LA, et al. Self-Report of Stroke, Transient Ischemic Attack or Stroke Symptoms and Risk of Future. Stroke in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS). Study, 2013; 44:55-60
Adams HP, Bendixen BH, Kapelle LJ, et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke, 1993; 24:35-41
Kolominsky Rabas PL, Weber M, Gefeller O, et al. Epidemiology of Ischemic Stroke Subtypes According to TOAST Criteria: Incidence, Recurrence, and Long Term Survival in Ischemic Stroke Subtypes: A Population Based Study. Stroke, 2001;32:2735-2740
White H, Boden Albala B, Wang C, et al. Ischemic Stroke Subtype Incidence Among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics: The Northern Manhattan Study. Circulation, 2005; 111:1327-1331
Della-Morte D, Guadagni F, Palmirotta R, Testa R, Caso V, Paciaroni M, et al. Genetics of Ischemic Stroke, Stroke related Risk Factors, Stroke Precursors and Treatments. Pharmacogenomics, 2012;13(5):595-613
Freeman WD, Dawson SB, Flemming KD, et al. The ABC’s of stroke complications. Semin Neurol, 2010; 30(5):501-509
Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd Jones DM, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics 2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 2012; 125(1):e2-e220
Reeves MJ, Bushnell CD, Howard G, et al. Sex differences in stroke: epidemiology, clinical presentation, medical care, and outcomes. Lancet Neurology, 2008; 7(10):915-926
Sealy Jefferson S, Wing JJ, Sánchez BN, et al. Age and Ethnic specific Sex Differences in Stroke Risk. Gend Med, 2012; 9(2):121–128
Levi CR, Read SJ, Hirano T, Donnan GA. Extensive hemispheric cerebral infarction. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 1998; 7(6):398-403.
Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Caplan LR, Donnan GA, Hennerici MG. Classification of stroke subtypes. Cerebrovasc Dis, 2009; 27:493-50
Langhorne P, Stott DJ, Robertson L, et al. Medical Complications
After Stroke A Multicenter Study. Stroke, 2000; 31:1223-1229
Abadal LT, Puig T, Balaguer Vintro I. Accidente vascular cerebral: incidencia, mortalidad y factores de riesgo en 28 años de seguimiento. Estudio de Manresa. Rev Esp Cardiol, 2000;53(1):15-20
Ayala C, Croft JB, Greenlund KJ, Keenan NL, Donehoo RS, Malarcher AM, et. al. Sex Differences in US Mortality Rates for Stroke and Stroke Subtypes by Race/Ethnicity and Age, 1995–1998. Stroke, 2002; 33:1197
Roquer J, Rodríguez Campello A, Gomis M. Sex Differences in First Ever Acute Stroke. Stroke, 2003; 34:1581
Bae HJ, Yoon DS, Lee J, Kim BK, Koo JS, Park JM. In Hospital Medical Complications and Long Term Mortality After Ischemic Stroke. Stroke, 2005; 36(11):2441–2445
The authors who publish in this journal accept the following conditions:
1. The authors retain the copyright and grant to the CAMbios MEDICAL-SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL HECAM the right of the first publication, with the work registered with the Creative Commons attribution license, which allows third parties to use the published material provided that they mention the authorship of the work and the first publication in this journal.
2. Authors can make other independent and additional contractual agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this journal (for example, include it in an institutional repository or publish it in a book) as long as it clearly indicates that the work was published. for the first time in the CAMbios MEDICAL-SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL HECAM.