Periodicidad semestral: flujo continuo.
ISSN - Electrónico: 2661-6947 / DOI: 10.36015 • LILACS BIREME (19784); LATINDEX (20666)
INTRODUCTION. A patient at a critical situation has a higher risk of pressure injuries, and their incidence in intensive care continues being high and variable, despite its prevention. In Ecuador the reality of this complication is unknown. OBJECTIVE. To perform a demographic and epidemiological characterization of critically ill patients with pressure injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Descriptive, retrospective study. From a population of 2 087 admitted to the Adult Unit Intensive Care Area of the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialties Hospital, demographic and epidemiological data were collected from 147 records of physical and electronic Medical Records of patients who pressure injuries, in the period January 1 to December 31, 2018. The data were analyzed in the statistical program International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 22. RESULTS. Median age was 66 years; male sex 63,3%, pre-obese 40,8%, hypertensive 37,6% and diabetic 23,8%. More than 60,0% received invasive mechanical ventilation, sedatives and vasoactive drugs, the median of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health disease Classification System II was 20 (IQ 14-27), mortality 34,0%. The prevalence of pressure injuries was 7,0% and incidence 3,49%. The location of pressure injuries were: the sacral region 62,6%, heel 24,0% and face 7,5%; 59,2% stage 2 and 5,4% stage 3. When comparing the groups of non-acquired versus acquired pressure lesions, there was a statistically significant difference in hospital-stay lengths prior to the detection of pressure lesions (p<0,001), hospital-stay lengths (p=0,003), location of pressure lesions in sacrum (p=0,02), face (p=0,02) and stage 3 of pressure lesions (p=0,03); no differences were found in the rest of the variables. CONCLUSION. The prevalence of pressure injuries remains within international accepted standards, their frequency and stages are similar to other reports.
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